Rapid determination of 28 pesticides and tetramine in whole blood by online gel permeation chromatography coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influences of carbon disulfide (CS2) exposureon fatty acid metabolism in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice and C57BL/6J mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four male ApoE knockout mice were randomly and equally divided into four groups: a CS2-exposed normal diet group, a CS2-unexposed normal diet group, a CS2-exposed high-fat diet group, and a CS2-unexposed high-fat diet group. Twenty-four C57BL/6J male mice were divided into four groups in the same way. The CS2-exposed groups were exposed to CS2 (1 g/m³) by static inhalation for 5 hours a day, 5 days a week. After two weeks, the whole blood of mice was collected. Methyl ester derivatization of fatty acids was performed using an acid-catalyzed method. Fatty acid contents before and after exposure were compared by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences in fatty acid contents of mice between the four groups. For the C57BL/6J mice, the arachidic acid contents in the CS2-exposed high-fat diet group were significantly lower than those in the CS2-unexposed high-fat diet group (P = 0.0450). For the ApoE knockout mice, the arachidonic acid contents in the CS2-exposed normal diet group were significantly lower than those in the CS2-unexposed control diet group (P = 0.0452). For the ApoE knockout mice, the γ-linolenic acid contents in the CS2-exposed high-fat diet group were significantly higher than those in the unexposed high-fat diet group (P = 0.0447).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exposure to CS2 can induce fatty acid metabolism disorder in mice, indicating that CS2 may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.</p>

Prognosis value of urine paraquat semi-quantitative in the patients with acute paraquat poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between semi-quantification of urine paraquat and the severity of acute paraquat poisoning, and to evaluate the prognostic value of the test in patients with acute paraquat poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 179 patients with acute paraquat poisoning were categorized into four groups according to their semi-quantification results of urine paraquat: +group (n = 36), ++group (n = 23), +++ group (n = 25), and ++++group (n = 95). The clinical features, severity of hepatic and renal injuries, respiratory failure, and clinical classification were compared between these four groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the survival rate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 60-day mortality was 45.25% (81/179). The amount of ingestion increased significantly from +group to ++++group (P < 0.05). No patient in +group was found to have serious complications, while most patients in ++++group suffered organ dysfunction or even organ failure. The incidence of acute respiratory failure, renal failure, and hepatic failure in ++++group was significantly higher than that in +group, ++group, and +++group (P < 0.05). The urine paraquat concentration was positively correlated with the clinical severity of acute paraquat poisoning (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.720, P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the mortality of ++++group (73.7%) was significantly higher than that of +++group (40%), ++group (4.3%), and +group (0%) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The semi-quantification of urine paraquat is a promising test in evaluating the severity of acute paraquat poisoning. This test can be used to guide therapy and to predict the outcomes of patients suffering acute paraquat poisoning.</p>

Treatment of patients with acute arsine poisoning / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the characteristics of patients with acute arsine poisoning and its possible treatments. Methods The only use of drugs,or drugs with plasma exchange(PE)were used to treat 36 patients with acute arsine poisoning.The blood haemolysis,enzymes of creatinc kinase(CK),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),?-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase(HHBD), total bihrubin(TBIL),indirect bilirubin(IBIL),direct bilirubin(DBIL),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine (Cr)were observed.Results There was an exposure time-effect relation in clinical characteristics,and a linear correlation between the concentrations of arsenic in blood and urine(r=0.718,P=0.019),but no significant correlations were found between the concentrations of arsenic in blood or urine with CK,LDH,ALP,ALT,AST,HHBD,TBIL,IBIL, DBIL,BUN,Cr(P＞0.05).In patients with severe acute arsine poisoning,PE quickly controlled hemolysis within 24 hours,and prevented secondary damage in kidney and other organs,oliguria stage got much shorter,and CK,LDH,ALP, AST,HHBD,TBIL,IBIL,BUN significantly reduced at 24 to 72 hours after PE treatment(P＜0.05).Conclusions The only use of drug was enough for the treatment of mild acute arsine poisoning.To the patients with severe acute arsine poisoning,PE may be an effective method to control its blood hemolysis and prevent complications,which should be taken as early as possible.

Clinical analysis of acute arsenic poisoning treated by early plasma exchange in 11 patients / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of plasma exchange early on treatment for acute arsenic poisoning and prevention for acute renal failure.Methods Eleven patients of acute arsenic poisoning were treated by plasma exchange early.Their clinical features and biochemistry indexes were observed before and after treatment.Results After plasma exchange,the clinical features of all patients improved.Nine patients had normal renal function and 2 patients had impaired renal function.Conclusion Early plasma exchange is an effective measure for prevention for acute renal failure caused by acute arsenic poisoning.